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1. Defendant made a false statement regarding a material fact;
2. Defendant knew or should have known the representation was false;
3. Defendant intended that the representation induce plaintiff to act on it; and
4. Plaintiff suffered damages acting in reliance on the representation.

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1. Defendant made a false statement regarding a material fact;
2. Defendant knew or should have known the representation was false;
3. Defendant intended that the representation induce plaintiff to act on it; and
4. Plaintiff suffered damages acting in reliance on the representation.

The elements of claims for fraud in the inducement, fraud in the performance, fraudulent misrepresentation and negligent misrepresentation are identical and differ only by the underlying facts supporting each claim. Compare Pulte Home Corp. v. Osmose Wood Preserving, Inc., 60 F.3d 734, 742 (11th Cir. 1995) (fraud in the inducement), with Baggett v. Electricians Credit Union, 620 So. 2d 784, 786 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993) (negligent misrepresentation), and Johnson v. Davis, 480 So. 2d 625, 627 (Fla. 1985) (fraudulent misrepresentation). The economic loss doctrine bars claims for fraud in the performance, but not claims for fraud in the inducement. See Williams Elec. Co., Inc. v. Honeywell, Inc., 772 F. Supp. 1225, 1238 (N.D.Fla. 1991). Fraud is also known as the tort of deceit. See Crown Eurocars, Inc. v. Schropp, 636 So. 2d 30, 37 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993), aff’d, 654 So. 2d 1158 (Fla. 1995).

“Justifiable reliance is not a necessary element of fraudulent misrepresentation.” Butler v. Yusem, 44 So. 3d 102, 105 (Fla. 2010)(emphasis added).

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FLORIDA STATE COURTS

Supreme Court: Butler v. Yusem, 44 So.3d 102, 105 (Fla. 2010); Johnson v. Davis, 480 So.2d 625, 627 (Fla. 1985).

First District: Arlington Pebble Creek, LLC v. Campus Edge Condo Ass’n, 232 So.3d 502, 505 (Fla 1st DCA 2017); Howard v. Murray, 184 So.3d 1155 (Fla. 1st DCA 2015).

Second District: Grimes v. Lottes, 241 So.3d 892, 896 (Fla 2d DCA 2018); Bacon & Bacon Mfg. Co. v. Bonsey Partners, 62 So. 3d 1285 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011).

Third District: Brooks v. Henry, 333 So.3d 298, 299 (Fla. 3d DCA 2022); Pritchard v. Levin, 305 So. 3d 628, 630 (Fla. 3d DCA 2020); Woodson Elec. Sol., Inc. v. Port Royal Prop., LLC, 271 So.3d 111, 114 n.2 (Fla. 3d DCA 2019).

Fourth District: Lorber v. Passick as Tr of Sylvia Passick Revocable Trust, 327 So.3d 297, 304 (Fla. 4th DCA 2021); Off the Wall & Gameroom LLC v. Gabbai, 301 So. 3d 281, 284 (Fla. 4th DCA 2020); Hurchalla v. Lake Point Phase I, LLC, 278 So.3d 58, 67 (Fla. 4th DCA 2019).

Fifth District: Dziegielewski v. Scalero, 352 So. 3d 931, 934 (Fla. 5th DCA 2022); Winfield Invs., LLC v. Pascal-Gaston Invs., LLC, 254 So. 3d 589, 592 (Fla. 5th DCA 2018); Townsend v. Morton, 36 So. 3d 865, 868 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010).

FLORIDA FEDERAL COURTS

Eleventh Circuit: Bostic v. Bodie, No. 24-10126, 2025 WL 1443834, at *9 (11th Cir. May 20, 2025); In re Harris, 3 F.4th 1339, 1349 (11th Cir. 2021); Paylan v. Teitelbaum, 798 F. App’x 458, 467 (11th Cir. 2020); Godelia v. Doe 1, 881 F.3d 1309, 1321 (11th Cir. 2018).

Southern District: Houchins as Tr. of Sharmin Inghram Family Ins. Tr. v. Weiss, No. 21-CV-81046, 2025 WL 424619, at *5 (S.D. Fla. Jan. 22, 2025); Copper Leaf LLC v. Filler, 2023 WL 2137933, *3 (S.D. Fla. Feb. 21, 2023); MBI Servs., LLC v. Apex Distrib. LLC, 2023 WL 312899, *3 (S.D. Fla. Jan. 19, 2023); Valiente v. Unilever U.S., Inc., 2022 WL 18587887, *19 (S.D. Fla. Dec. 8, 2022).

Middle District: Prudential Ins. Co. of Am. v. Gardina, 759 F. Supp. 3d 1230, 1237-38 (M.D. Fla. 2024); Stumbo v. Farmers Ins. Co., Inc., 2023 WL 2328982, *1 (M.D. Fla. Jan. 4, 2023); Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. v. Liebowitz, 2022 WL 833635, *9 (M.D. Fla. Mar. 21, 2022); Garrett-Alfred v. Facebook, Inc., 540 F.Supp.3d 1129, 1139 (M.D. Fla. 2021).

Northern District: Rashada v. Hathcock, No. 3:24-CV-219-MCR-HTC, 2025 WL 1043208, at *5 (N.D. Fla. Apr. 8, 2025); Alt. Materials, LLC v. Monroe, 2023 WL 2410928, *9 (N.D. Fla. Jan. 23, 2023); Brier v. De Cay, No. 3:16cv142-MCR-CJK, 2017 WL 1164724, at *5 (N.D. Fla. March 1, 2017); Black v. Advanced Neuromodulation Sys., No. 4:11cv539–WS., 2014 WL 1303656, at *10 (N.D. Fla. Mar. 27, 2014).

REFERENCES

Restatement (Second) of Torts ‘ 525 (1977 Amendment)

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2 Defenses to Claim for Fraud - Fraudulent Misrepresentation

(1) Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.110(d) (pleading affirmative defenses), and other standard defenses. See § 1.

(2) Statute of Limitations: § 95.11(3)(j), Fla. Stat. (four years).

(3) The statute of repose provides that a claim for fraud must be commenced “within 12 years after the date of the commission of the alleged fraud, regardless of the date the fraud was or should have been discovered’’. See § 95.031(2)(a), Fla. Stat.

(4) Mere opinions or misrepresentations of law are not actionable. See e.g., Bailey v. Trenman, Simmons, Kemker, Scharf, Barkin, Frye & O’Neil, 938 F. Supp. 825, 829 (S.D. Fla. 1996); MDVIP, Inc. v. Beber, 222 So.3d 555, 561 (Fla. 4th DCA 2017).

(5) False statements regarding promised future action are not actionable unless the promisor had no intentions of performance at the time of the representation. See Thor Bear, Inc v. Crocker Mizner Park, Inc., 648 So. 2d 168, 172 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994).

(6) Reliance on misrepresentations are unreasonable where the statements are contained in a subsequent written agreement between the parties. See Barnes v. Burger King., 932 F. Supp. 1420, 1427 (S.D. Fla. 1996); Fin-S Tech, LLC v. Surf Hardware International-USA, Inc., No. 13-CV-80645, 2014 WL 12461349, at *8 (S.D. Fla. Jan. 8, 2014); Ferox, LLC v. ConSeal  Int’l, Inc., 175 F.Supp.3d 1363, 1376 (S.D. Fla. 2016).

(7) Waiver is a defense to fraud when the allegedly defrauded party had actual or imputed knowledge of the facts supporting the fraud claim. See Coral Gables Imported Motorcars, Inc. v. Fiat Motors of North America, Inc., 673 F.2d 1234, 1240 (11th Cir. 1982), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1104 (1983); BGW Design Ltd., Inc. v. Service America Corp., No. 10-20730-Civ, 2011 WL 13220382, at *10 (S.D. Fla. Nov. 30, 2011).

(8) Fraudulent misrepresentations do not result from a seller’s puffery in stating opinions or commendations about a product’s value. See Wasser v. Sasoni, 652 So. 2d 411, 412 (Fla. 3d DCA 1995); Baker v. Brunswick Corp., No. 2:17–cv–572–FtM–99MRM, 2018 WL 1947433, at *7 (M.D. Fla. April 25, 2018).

(9) “It is a fundamental, long-standing common law principle that a plaintiff may not recover in tort for a contract dispute unless the tort is independent of any breach of contract.” Island Travel & Tours, Ltd., Co. v. MYR Independent, Inc., 300 So.3d 1236, 1239 (Fla. 3d DCA 2020) citing Peebles v. Puig, 223 So.3d 1065, 1068 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017).

(10) To assert the defense of fraud, the party must allege with specificity the relevant facts and circumstances supporting the defense, as well as all of the essential elements of fraudulent conduct. Zikofsky v. Robby Vapor Systems, Inc., 846 So.2d 684, 685 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003); Meridian Trust Co. v. Batista, No. 17-23051-WILLIAMS, 2018 WL 4760277, at *3 (S.D. Fla. Sept. 30, 2018).

(11) In an arms-length transaction there is no duty imposed on either party to act for the benefit or protection of the other party, or to disclose facts that the other party could, by its own diligence, have discovered. See Carbiener v. Lender Processing Services, Inc., No. 3:13–cv–970–J–39PDB, 2014 WL 12610224, at *16 (M.D. Fla. July 16, 2014); Caldwell v. Compass Entertainment Group LLC, 2015 WL 8772909 *5 (M.D. Fla. Dec. 15, 2015).

(12) A plaintiff may not rely on statements made by litigation adversaries to establish fraud claims. See Moriber v. Dreiling, 194 So.3d 369, 373 (Fla. 3d DCA 2016).  (holding “plaintiff had no right to rely on any such representations, in view of the fact that the parties understood at all times that they were in hostile relations to each other”).

(13) A plaintiff may assert a claim for fraud and breach of contract where the claim for fraudulent inducement is based on facts separate and distinct from the breach of contract claim and such tort (e.g., a species of fraud or negligent misrepresentation) is committed independently of the breach of contract. E.g., Tiara Condominium Assoc.’n, Inc. v. Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc., 110 So.3d 399, 402-403 (Fla. 2013).

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